Q: If I use an Action to take a Keeper out of the discard and play it, can that Keeper play be stopped and acquired by the counter-Keeper Surprise??

A: Yes. In these cases, since one is instructed to play the acquired Keeper, that acquisition can be intercepted with the counter-Keeper Surprise (That’s Mine!, Twist of Fate) which allows the intercepting player to gain the Keeper instead.

Decks that have Actions which let you pull a Keeper from the discard and play it are:
In Cthulhu Fluxx: Even Death May Die
In Fantasy Fluxx: Healing Spell

The following decks don’t natively have Surprises, but since Surprises could be added in, we list them here for completeness:
In Marvel Fluxx: We Thought You Were Dead!
In Olympus Fluxx: Charon Nixes Styx Tix
In Adventure Time Fluxx, Cartoon Network Fluxx, and Regular Show Fluxx: Toons Never Die